Central African Shear Zone

提供:鈴木広大
2025年9月21日 (日) 03:06時点におけるBeatriceLeggo5 (トーク | 投稿記録)による版
ナビゲーションに移動 検索に移動


The Central African Shear Zone (CASZ) (or Wood Ranger Power Shears shop Wood Ranger Power Shears features Wood Ranger Power Shears order now Wood Ranger Power Shears features sale Shear System) is a wrench fault system extending in an ENE course from the Gulf of Guinea through Cameroon into Sudan. The construction shouldn't be well understood. The shear zone dates to at the least 640 Ma (million years ago). Motion occurred alongside the zone through the break-up of Gondwanaland within the Jurassic and Cretaceous intervals. Among the faults within the zone were rejuvenated greater than as soon as earlier than and in the course of the opening of the South Atlantic within the Cretaceous period. It has been proposed that the Pernambuco fault in Brazil is a continuation of the shear zone to the west. In Cameroon, the CASZ cuts across the Adamawa uplift, a post-Cretaeous formation. The Benue Trough lies to the north, and the Foumban Shear Zone to the south. Volcanic exercise has occurred alongside a lot of the size of the Cameroon line from 130 Ma to the current, and may be associated to re-activation of the CASZ.



The lithosphere beneath the CASZ in this space is thinned in a comparatively narrow belt, with the asthenosphere upwelling from a depth of about 190 km to about a hundred and twenty km. The Mesozoic and Tertiary movements have produced elongated rift basins in central Cameroon, northern Central African Republic and southern Chad. The CASZ was formerly thought to extend eastward only to the Darfur region of western Sudan. It's Wood Ranger Power Shears order now interpreted to extend into central and eastern Sudan, with a complete length of 4,000 km. In the Sudan, the shear zone could have acted as a structural barrier to growth of deep Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary basins in the north of the world. Objections to this idea are that the Bahr el Arab and Blue Nile rifts lengthen northwest past one proposed line for the shear zone. However, the alignment of the northwestern ends of the rifts in this areas supports the idea. Ibrahim, Ebinger & Fairhead 1996, pp.



Dorbath et al. 1986, pp. Schlüter & Trauth 2008, pp. Foulger & Jurdy 2007, pp. Plomerova et al. 1993, pp. Bowen & Jux 1987, pp. Bowen, Robert; Jux, Ulrich (1987). Afro-Arabian geology: a kinematic view. Dorbath, C.; Dorbath, L.; Fairhead, J. D.; Stuart, G. W. (1986). "A teleseismic delay time study across the Central African Shear Zone in the Adamawa area of Cameroon, West Africa". Foulger, Gillian R.; Jurdy, Donna M. (2007). Plates, plumes, Wood Ranger Power Shears official site and planetary processes. Geological Society of America. Ibrahim, A. E.; Ebinger, C. J.; Fairhead, J. D. (20 April 1996). "Lithospheric extension northwest of the Central African Shear Zone in Sudan from potential area research". Pankhurst, Robert J. (2008). West Gondwana: pre-Cenozoic correlations across the South Atlantic Region. Plomerova, J; Babuska, V; Dorbath, C.; Dorbath, L.; Lillie, R. J. (1993). "Deep lithospheric construction throughout the Central African Shear Zone in Cameroon". Geophysical Journal International. One hundred fifteen (2): 381-390. Bibcode:1993GeoJI.115..381P. Selley, Richard C. (1997). African basins. Schlüter, Thomas; Trauth, Martin H. (2008). Geological atlas of Africa: with notes on stratigraphy, tectonics, economic geology, geohazards, geosites and geoscientific training of every nation. シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社.



Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's rate-dependent resistance to a change in form or to movement of its neighboring parts relative to each other. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal idea of thickness; for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area. Thus its SI items are newton-seconds per metre squared, or pascal-seconds. Viscosity quantifies the interior frictional drive between adjoining layers of fluid which can be in relative movement. For example, when a viscous fluid is compelled by means of a tube, it flows more shortly close to the tube's middle line than near its partitions. Experiments present that some stress (such as a stress difference between the 2 ends of the tube) is required to sustain the flow. It's because a force is required to beat the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative movement. For a tube with a relentless rate of stream, the Wood Ranger Power Shears official site of the compensating drive is proportional to the fluid's viscosity.



Typically, viscosity will depend on a fluid's state, corresponding to its temperature, strain, and charge of deformation. However, the dependence on some of these properties is negligible in sure circumstances. For instance, the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid does not fluctuate significantly with the speed of deformation. Zero viscosity (no resistance to shear stress) is noticed solely at very low temperatures in superfluids; in any other case, the second law of thermodynamics requires all fluids to have optimistic viscosity. A fluid that has zero viscosity (non-viscous) known as preferrred or inviscid. For non-Newtonian fluids' viscosity, Wood Ranger Power Shears official site there are pseudoplastic, plastic, and dilatant flows which can be time-impartial, and there are thixotropic and rheopectic flows which can be time-dependent. The phrase "viscosity" is derived from the Latin viscum ("mistletoe"). Viscum also referred to a viscous glue derived from mistletoe berries. In supplies science and engineering, there is commonly curiosity in understanding the forces or stresses concerned within the deformation of a fabric.